Category Archives: Useful Constructions

Thinking about getting a tattoo

Tu cuerpo se constela de signos verdes 
como el cuerpo del árbol de renuevos. 
No te importe tanta pequeña cicatriz luminosa: 
mira al cielo y su verde tatuaje de estrellas. – Octavio Paz

Do you have a tattoo? Would you ever consider getting one? What do you think of tattoos? Yea or nay? I like tattoos in theory (though rarely in actuality), and I wish I were brave enough to get one. A beautiful sleeve or something on my upper arm or shoulder or back. It doesn’t fit well with my personality, though. And I like simplicity–white walls, clear surfaces, silence. I’ll live vicariously through other people’s tattoos, then.

Yesterday I learned how to say to get a tattoo in Spanish: hacerse un tatuaje

Ah! I never knew. I knew tatuaje, of course, as well as tatuar/tatuarse. But I didn’t know hacerse un tatuaje. Who knows, maybe I’ll be seized by some perfect line or image someday when I’m in a Spanish-speaking country. Now I’ll know how to tell someone to direct me to the nearest tattoo parlor stat.

You’d think that maybe you could just say tatú for tattoo, but it doesn’t work that way. Tatuaje sounds to me like tattooage, which sounds like how you’d describe the oeuvre of tattoos on a person’s body. Rest assured, though: tatuaje is tattoo, and tatú is, well, an armadillo. At least in the Southern Cone. I remember learning that word from Horacio Quiroga. One time in Medellín, I was with a group of people when one guy walked off for a while. When he came back, he said he’d gone across the street to eat a gurre sandwich. Gurre, as it turned out, is a rural Colombian word for armadillo. An armadillo sandwich? I can’t tell you how glad I am that I wasn’t offered any. Cachicamo is another Colombian way of saying armadillo.

I’ll admit that I don’t understand the grammar in the construction hacerse un tatuaje. It would sound like you’re giving yourself a tattoo, but I implicitly trust that somehow, in some way, it means just what it’s supposed to mean. It reminds me of hacerse un manicure, which is how you say to get a manicure, something I did many, many times in Colombia. Or, me corté el pelo, which is how you say I got a haircut. I don’t understand how these reflexive actions actually refer to someone else doing it to you, but I don’t understand how anything works in English either. Let’s let sleeping dogs lie.

Want a tattoo in Spanish but lack inspiration? Let’s look at a few.

Lo que sea necesario - Whatever it takes

Whatever it takes

I want nothing more than my madness

I want nothing more than my madness

To be happy one must learn to love what they do

To be happy one must learn to love what they do

You have to do everything in excess

You have to do everything in excess

Freedom's slave

Freedom’s slave

It never rains eternally

It never rains eternally

Too much

Too much

Gabriel García Márquez

Gabriel García Márquez

Feel inspired? Ready to get inked up? Nah, me neither. It’s interesting, though, to see what messages people try to immortalize on their bodies. Our bodies are temporary, anyway–why not make it our canvas? If you absolutely had to get a tattoo in Spanish, what line or word would you choose? To put it differently, if someone paid you a million dollars to get a tattoo of something in Spanish, what would you pick and why? Me, hmm. If just a word, maybe ojalá. A phrase? Mm, surely something from Neruda or Cortázar or García Lorca. Or Silvio Rodríguez. You may have, ahem, noticed that I’m a big fan of these people! What about you? Ever hear anything in Spanish so beautiful or so poignant you’d etch it on your body? Maybe this blog is my tattoo–I’m writing things down here because there isn’t room enough on my body. So many beautiful words, so many words full of meaning. Where are you writing things down?

Dulce domum

Dolce domum, The Wind in the Willows

Home! . . . Since his escape on that bright morning he had hardly given it a thought, so absorbed had he been in his new life, in all its pleasures, its surprises, its fresh and captivating experiences. Now, with a rush of old memories, how clearly it stood up before him, in the darkness! Shabby indeed, and small and poorly furnished, and yet his, the home he had made for himself, the home he had been so happy to get back to after his day’s work. And the home had been happy with him, too, evidently, and was missing him, and wanted him back, and was telling him so, through his nose, sorrowfully, reproachfully, but with no bitterness or anger; only with plaintive reminder that it was there, and wanted him. - The Wind in the Willows

Hoy no quiero estar lejos de la casa y el árbol. – Silvio Rodríguez

Vocabat has a new home base, and all fan mail via snail mail will need to be redirected. (Electronic fan mail can be sent the same route as always.) Where in the world has Vocabat flown to? Well, she’s found herself new and better lodgings on the west side of town. That place won’t be ready for a month, though, so she’s staying at a friend’s house (the same friend of last post’s dedication) in the meantime. He’s away gallivanting around Europe, and she has a big, beautiful house all to herself. As it’s right by the lake, she’s taken to thinking of this place as her month-long balneario– her lakeside resort. It will be a month of repose, cleansing, and preparation for some new and wonderful tides.

I wanted to teach you the phrase por estos lares because I used it in a recent comment and thought it would make for as good a post as any. It’s not that it’s uber-useful–you won’t be hearing it left and right–but I still consider it useful enough. Also, we all have our little pet phrases, and this is one of mine. The nice thing about pet phrases is that you get all the fun of being a pet owner and none of the mess or hassle. Searching in old emails and chats, I see that I’ve used this phrase many times but have never been the recipient of it. And that’s OK–I have the confidence to use certain peculiar words and phrases even if it makes me a little extravagant, a little eccentric. I like to be anything but generic, and I try to keep my Spanish just as interesting and memorable as my English.

Por estos lares means around here, ’round these parts, in this neck of the woods. Some other colloquial and regional ways of expressing the same idea are por estos rumbos, por estos pagos, and por estos vientos. In a word, around.

¡Tanto tiempo, Diana! Qué milagrazo verte por estos lares.

Long time no see, Diana! Fancy running into you around here.

Juancho se ha ido a Francia. Ah, ¿sí? ¿Qué estará haciendo por esos lares?

Juancho took off for France. Oh, really? What could he be doing in those parts?

Lares is actually an archaic word that you won’t see outside of this fixed phrase and variants. While it’s very formal and highbrow in some areas, it still gets a good bit of currency in others when you purposely want to use a formal word or use it facetiously for a laugh. It’s rather poetic–after I used it once in an email, someone went on and on about it, saying how beautiful the word was and what an excellent choice it was on my part. It’s a pretty word that apparently is heard infrequently enough that it warms the heart of those with literary sensibilities.

If you remember your Roman history, you know that Lares were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion. From what I can tell, Lares sometimes get conflated with other gods and thus get labeled as household gods, even though some had much broader domains. In Spanish, then, a lar came to mean an hogar (hearth or fireplace)– perhaps because that’s where the shrine for the Lares would be set up?–and then figuratively a house itself. Of course, hogar works the same way: it means hearth, and thus by extension also refers to the entire house and the sense of home. You’ll never hear lar in the singular or anyone refer to their house as their lar, but the word has survived thanks to the por estos lares phrase. I suppose he’s still a pretty endangered species, though.

Not in other Romance languages, however. One way of saying home in Catalan is llar; lar can also be home in Galician and Portuguese.

Llar, dolça llar - Home sweet home (Catalan)

Lar, doce lar - Home sweet home (Portuguese, Galician)

In Spanish, the phrase is hogar, dulce hogar. I’ve never really been a fan of the word hogar- it looks so ugly to me. Makes me think of Hogwarts and William Hogarth. It is, though, much homier and cozier than casa.

Are you a homebody? A real lover of home? You can express this two ways in Spanish: casero and hogareño. I’m definitely a homebody at heart–you didn’t think all these blog posts were written at Starbucks, did you?–but I force myself to go out and be social. At least until I find another homebody to keep me company . . .

Another word for home that you might hear is morada. I was surprised to hear this word after a long hiatus last weekend when I went to the house of a new friend from Bogotá. As we walked in, he said, Bienvenida a mi morada. Morada? I vaguely remembered that it meant dwelling. You might hear this otherwise stuffy word in this phrase just like it’s typical for us to say in English, Welcome to my humble abode. 

While we’re on synonyms, I guess it bears mentioning that other ways of expressing a place where people live include vivienda and domicilioSome good friends of mine are very active in homeless and housing issues in our city–the word they would want to reach for to talk about housing in general is vivienda. It can also be an individual housing unit. Domicilio, well, I usually hear that in the context of getting carry-out: domicilios/servicio a domicilio. Of course, domicilio = domicile. Domicilio is such a cute word–it is definitely making part two of my favorite words list.

Servicio a domicilio

One house-related phrase that I love–wait, no no no. This won’t do. I think that’s more than enough for now. Besides, I got home so late today and then got straight to dinner and blogging–if I don’t go now, I won’t even have any time to enjoy this charming homestead. I’ll share the phrase later on; can anyone guess what it is?

Amanecer for all seasons

For some reason, this old post on some of my favorite words in Spanish has been getting a lot of traffic lately. Those words are great, but unfortunately I don’t find many opportunities to work floripondio, acuatizaje, or gordinflón into conversations. (Despite our obesity epidemic, we Americans are pretty touchy about this being pointed out to us. Thus, you can only think gordinflón; you can’t say it. Unless you’re The Onion, of course.)

Some of the words on that list do get a lot of mileage in my daily parlance, though: words like mijo/mijaojalá, and pues. Today I want to write about amanecer, the second word on the list. He’s number two, but he tries harder than number one (inmiscuirse), and he’s infinitely more interesting. He’s also much more useful than, say, pluviosidad. Of course, I support beauty for beauty’s sake, so there’s nothing wrong with being beautiful and (practically) useless. We just get more opportunities to admire the loveliness of words like amanecer when they lend themselves more easily to the prose of daily life.

I’m sure you’re familiar with amanecer. It means to dawn, for the sun to come up. Amanecer as a noun means sunrise, dawn, daybreak.

Hoy amaneció a las 5:55. 

Today the sun came up at 5:55.

Rezo por ti cada noche, amanece y pienso en ti. (Shakira)

I pray for you every night; at dawn I think of you.

Después del concierto nos quedamos tomando vino hasta que amanecía.

After the concert we drank wine until it was beginning to get light out.

Image by °lorenalreves° via Flickr Creative Commons

Nunca alcanzamos a ver el amanecer juntos.

We never got a chance to watch a sunrise together.

Another very widespread usage of amanecer is to wake up, especially to talk about your location or how you feel. ¿Cómo amaneciste? is the standard question for this, and you ask it to your fellow household dwellers (partner, family) as you groggily pad about in the mornings. You can also ask close friends or coworkers if it’s still a.m. What is it asking? Poetically, how did you dawn? (You can, after all, tell people that they’re un sol–a sweetheart–so why can’t they dawn and dusk?) Really, it’s, how’d you sleep? How are you feeling this morning? Did you wake up on the right side of the bed? Rodney wrote a post on it a while back. Ojo, it usually sounds more like ¿Cómo ‘maneciste?

Describing how you feel:

Sudafed te tumba pero amaneces renovada. Es buenísimo.

Sudafed will knock you out, but you’ll wake up a new person. It’s amazing.

Amanecí bien, pero hoy salí bastante aburrido del trabajo.

I felt good this morning, but I left work today extremely unhappy.

En estos días mi niño me amanece enfermito y con una infección en los ojitos.

The past few days, my son has been waking up sick and with an eye infection.

amanecí duro

Describing where you are:

Amanecí otra vez entre tus brazos, y desperté llorando de alegría. (Chavela Vargas)

At daybreak I found myself once again in your arms, and I awoke crying tears of happiness.

Nos quedamos dormidos en el avión y amanecimos sobre Madrid. 

We fell asleep on the plane and woke up over Madrid.

In Colombia, they frequently say amanecer to mean to spend the night somewhere. Actually, I never heard this in Bogotá, but I heard it constantly in Medellín. Maybe it’s used in Bogotá as well, but I never noticed it. Although I lived in a more or less central part of Medellín, on the weekends I’d often go to Bello, a municipality to the north. Once it got late, the question was always whether to amanecer or not to amanecer; to just stay the night at the family’s house or head all the way back. I can’t find a single citation of this usage online, but I know it’s common in Colombia. Anywhere else? I love that rather than focusing on where you spend the night and perhaps using atardecer or anochecer, this usage instead focuses on where you spend the dawn. Mom, can I spend the dawn with Amy? Perhaps instead of a slumber party, we’d call it an awakening party. What’s better– to fall asleep by a lover’s side, or to wake up next to them? Which should we emphasize? Isn’t language rich? Living in Colombia and inhabiting this beautiful Spanish, I felt like I lived in a poem.

El sábado decidí amanecer en casa de mi familia, pues se me hizo tarde, además también estaba lloviendo.

On Saturday I decided to stay the night at my family’s house because it was getting late, and on top of that it was raining.

Voy a amanecer donde mi tía la noche antes del matrimonio.

I’m going to stay at my aunt’s place the night before the wedding.

Amanece, quédate a mi lado toda la noche hasta que llegue el día, reina de mi vida. (Doctor Krapula- Colombian band)

Stay the night, stay by my side all night long until day comes, my queen.

Image by olgaberrios from Flickr Creative Commons

Amanecer muerto is a way of saying that someone was found dead in the morning. Maybe they died in their sleep, or maybe they passed away in a less peaceful manner. It’s now lights out for them.

One must-know phrase–at least in Colombia and, it appears, Venezuela–is this one: amanecerá y veremos. Literally, it will dawn and we’ll see. Figuratively, pretty much the same. Tomorrow will come and then we’ll see. Let’s wait and see. Only time can tell. Seeing is believing. Amanecerá y veremos can be an innocent enough phrase that merely indicates that there’s no point in stressing out and that we’ll know the answers to our questions soon. It can also be a synonym, though, of a cynical attitude of indifference and apathy. Sort of a, Harumph! Oh yeah? Such and such politician said they’d do that? Time will tell, I guess, but I wouldn’t hold my breath if I were you. It’s like an eye roll and a shrug, transcribed.

When checking in new patients at work, we have to ask them a litany of questions, one of which is something like, “Is there anyone in your life who threatens or abuses you?” (¿Hay alguien en su vida que le amenace o lo maltrate?) I always mentally trip over threaten, though, and have to sort through in a nanosecond whether it’s amenazar or amanecer, amenace or amanece (amanezca). Is there anyone in your life who dawns you? Would you like there to be? I know I would.

In case you were wondering, you can’t use amanecer to express that something dawned on you. If you have an aha moment, you’ll want to say se me ocurrió or caí en la cuenta.

So, do you concur with me that amanecer is as beautiful and fascinating word as what it describes? Definitely as worth it to learn as an amanecer is worth waking up early for.

A typical hour in Colombia

What remains from my two years in Colombia? Memories, of course, as well as relationships. Physically, almost nothing. I was never one to accumulate souvenirs or mementos, and I forced myself to leave behind what I would have most liked to have kept. The most overwhelming tangible evidence of my time there and how I spent my days are the hundreds of little scraps of paper with words jotted down on them, revoloteando around me, alighting on surfaces, lodging themselves in my hair  . . .  The other day, one of the papers mysteriously made its way to my dresser. I don’t know how; I don’t know why. I thought I’d share it with you to give you an idea of the kind of Spanish you can learn on a typical day in Colombia, or at least a part of a day. For all I remember, I learned these words in five minutes of talking. It was one of my very last days in Medellín, in early December 2011. All of these words came from conversations.

DSC00967

1. arremedar - to imitate, copy; to ape, mimic, mock. The more standard version of the verb is remedar. As you can see, I first thought it was arremendar. So, who was it that aped me? I certainly gave people a lot of funny fodder to work with.

2. comisionista - an agent, someone working on commission. We were looking for a new apartment at the time.

3. farrear - to party–regional slang. This is the only word whose context I included, and I remember it well. I was in a taxi with my ex and his mom in Bello, and I saw some graffiti on a decrepit wall that said No farees, compre comida. (Don’t go out partying; buy food.) (Maybe I wrote it down wrong, seeing as the commands mix  with usted.) I could easily guess what farrear meant (as I know farra), but I thought it was such an interesting and strange exhortation to the pueblo from what I imagine was some average citizen. Was that a big problem there, people squandering what little money they made on drinks and clubs and not providing for their families? Who was it that decided that enough was enough and that eloquent graffiti could move people to do the right thing? I don’t think my curiosity was ever satisfied. Wish I could show you a picture.

4. pensum - curriculum, course requirements, syllabus. Basically, everything that a course covers. It comes from Latin. I’ve never heard or seen it in English, but the dictionary says “a task assigned in school often as a punishment.” I was looking for (and finding) work as a teacher at the time– maybe someone had asked me what I’d have to cover in my classes.

5. sonda - catheter, tube. I blogged about it here before. Both my ex’s mom and sister worked in hospitals, and many family members were in poor health at the time.

6. postrado/a - bedridden, confined to bed, prostrate. Like I said, conversations about health were common. Probably good preparation for what I do now.

7. Nanay cucas – No way, José; not a chance–extremely Colombian. I was still in the taxi with my ex and his mom, and I want to say that someone on the radio said this phrase. It was a phrase that I had read before but never heard, so I was happy and asked my ex about it. I then taught him the phrase No way, José in English. I think he was surprised that we would use a very Hispanic name in a colloquial phrase, and I responded by drolly telling him that it’s because we Americans are so diverse, international, and inclusive. Nooo, he quickly countered, it was a blatant example of racism. Just think about it. Oh, whatever you want, Kevin; absolutely, Derek; of course you may, Brandon; you didn’t even need to ask, Steve; NO WAY, JOSÉ. His comic timing and mock earnestness were perfect. It’s been an extremely long time since I’ve laughed that uproariously. There was no point in trying to explain my side-splitting laughter or the tears in my eyes to his mom; I’m sure I just told her that her son was muy charro and left it at that.

8. no estar ni tibio/a - to be way off the mark, to be crazy, to have another thing coming–Colombian phrase. I was way off the mark if I thought I still had much more time to be in Colombia.

9. lamber - to suck up, kiss up, be a teacher’s pet, be a brown noser–regional slang. Lambón/a and lambiscón/a are the noun forms. In some places, though, lamber is often used as lamer, and that’s why I put the star next to it, I think. Of course, I can’t be expected to remember the significance of every star.

Here’s the other side of the paper.

DSC00965

The first part appears to be either a brief shopping list or the ingredients for a recipe. APF is all-purpose flour. As there are no instructions, it’s probably a shopping list. Isn’t it funny to list that you need two eggs? (I don’t think I wrote that 2) Such a foreign, quaint concept to me now. Well, that was one of the great things about living in Colombia: huevos menudiados. Everything was close by, I walked everywhere within a 20-minute radius without even thinking about it, and I did most things on a smaller, simpler scale.

I’m guessing that the second part is a list of words that my ex learned that day. His English was very good, but sometimes we all forget basic words in the middle of conversation. I know he must have written that last word–I don’t dot my i’s. Unfortunately, I can’t piece together even the foggiest recollection of what we were doing when we said those words–it’s really only the Spanish that has stuck with me. Thankfully, almost everything was in Spanish.

God, I am missing Colombia today. Sorry to wax nostalgic. I love Spanish and words, but every one of those words is tethered to memories, emotions, and people for me. Speaking Spanish here just isn’t the same. I speak in Spanish, and for a minute there I recreate a world, reconjure up loved ones who are far away, and reembody someone I used to be. I know I was born into the wrong language; maybe I’m a fool to live so far away from it. Things that have been swirling around in my head lately.

If some stranger were to find this in the street, what ideas would they get? If I put this in a time capsule for someone to discover in 3013, what would they think they were looking at? What kinds of Spanish vocabulary relics do you have in your life? What sorts of stories do those words tell?

One thing to the next

Yesterday I woke up with a fragment from a dream emblazoned on my morning consciousness. In the dream, I had called the janitor of my elementary school, a woman named Linda Newman. I have no idea why I remember her or her name, but for some reason I do. For all practical intents and purposes, though, she’s a complete and utter stranger. Anyway, I called her out of the blue, and she answered. When I asked if it was her, she confirmed that, yes, it was, and then she told me, “I’ve been deceased for three years.” All the interpretations I came up with later in the day were sad ones. Where do dreams come from?

This morning I woke up with Spanish on my mind, pre-parceled for a blog post. I’d like to think it came to me by way of a dream, but I’m not sure. In any case, that dream has faded away in the mists of late morning. As always, though, the words stayed.

For some reason, I woke up thinking of the Colombian phrase ir de culo pa’l estanco, which led me to think of equivalents. Another idiomatic phrase (and one of my personal favorites) is ir de Guatemala a Guatepeor. Isn’t it amazing? When my ex taught me that phrase forever ago, he thought up a pretty good equivalent: to go from Barbados to Barworseos. See what he did there? Smart, eh? In case you haven’t had your coffee yet this morning, the idea is to go from bad to worse. The general phrase for this would be ir de mal en peor. And in the half a second it took me to groggily think of these three phrases while still in bed, I had my blog post. Ka-ching!

Today’s phrase is simple. From something to something else = de algo en algo

I consider this an interesting construction because you would definitely get it wrong were you to simply copy the patterns of English. Someone thinking in English would say de mal a peor for from bad to worse, or de casa a casa for from house to house. Well, actually, you can say it like that, but it’s significantly more common and natural with en. Let’s look at some examples.

¿Por qué van de casa en casa los Testigos de Jehová?

Why do Jehovah’s Witnesses go from house to house?

Espero que te salga el trabajo de intérprete, así se cumpliría uno de tus sueños, y así, poco a poco, de sueño en sueño se va construyendo la vida.

I hope you get the interpreter job because then one of your dreams would be fulfilled. And just like that, little by little, from one dream to the next, a life is constructed.

Eres como una mariposa; vuelas y te posas vas de boca en boca, fácil y ligera de quien te provoca.

(Just listen to the song, Mariposa traicionera–one of the best-loved songs in Spanish)

Fue de casa en casa arrastrando dos lingotes metálicos, y todo el mundo se espantó . . . (Cien años de soledad)

He went from house to house dragging two metal ingots, and everyone was amazed . . . (One Hundred Years of Solitude)

Revisa tu currículum y minimiza la imagen de que vas de trabajo en trabajo. 

Go over your CV and try to minimize the impression that you bounce around from one job to the next.

Y si ando de novio en novio y de fiesta en fiesta, ¿qué más da?

And if I go from one boyfriend to the next and one party after another, who gives a shit?

I’m also reminded of a great comment that Esteban left me a year ago about men who go de flor en flor– men who flit from one unserious relationship or one-night stand to the next like hummingbirds on flowers. Fittingly, they’re also called picaflores, a synonym for colibrí.

Las abejas y las flores, de flor en flor

Did you know this construction? What other examples can you think of? I hope that your day goes de buen en mejor.

PD: This is my hundredth post! Feel free to send me a bottle of wine for the occasion. Flores also work, both flowers and compliments.